Mark Twain essays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Imprint Twain articles - Essay Example He begins a paper, presents coins, fabricated bikes, set up phone arranges, and built up power age plants. He carried the 6th century human progress to the twentieth century level throughout a couple of years. At the point when the ruler and the Boss were sold as slaves and were going to be executed, it was a long and beautiful of 500 sent and belted knights on bikes that acted the hero. At long last when the congregation and the knights were out to wreck the new progress, the system utilized was to fabricate a wire fence around, accused of power. A knight would come and contact the wire with his blade and he would be dead on the double obviously for reasons unknown. Another person would come and contact his shoulder to inquire as to why he was quiet, and he would be slaughtered as well! Executed by a dead companion truth be told! 25000 brainless knights died like this, and the Boss and his bunch of savvy young men won inferable from their system. David Wilson likewise had a logical twisted of brain, however of an alternate kind. He was a scotch national in America to look for his fortunes. He came as a youthful post graduate in law, however he didn't deal with cases in courts. It was he who built up the study of fingerprints, that great science for the foundation of people’s character. He was an over the top researcher that normal individuals couldn't get him and this brought about his being nicknamed Pudd’nhead Wilson. It was he who settled the secret encompassing Tom. Body: Hank presents different upgrades, for example, the paper, phone net-works, bike processing plants, power age plants and so forth. He utilizes these events to make awesome impacts. He isn't for utilizing them discreetly without exposure or energy. To utilize his own words, â€Å"I consistently utilize that high style when I am peaking an effect† ( p. 23) This characteristic is found in the entirety of his activities. Over the span of the supper at Dowley’s place, he apathetically hurls $4, a tremendous sum at that point, on to the

Marijuana should be legalized or not Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Weed ought to be authorized or not - Essay Example It is extremely difficult for specialists to reprove an individual for conduct that harms or damages just oneself (Clifford 23-26). As indicated by theory, current guideline on drugs is unjustified and that a few medications, for example, weed that have been made illicit are dealt with like liquor or tobacco. Cannabis ought not be legitimized in spite of the moral ramifications related with its utilization. Body The utilization of maryjane will prompt expanded sorted out crime percentages, degenerate governments, expanded savagery, and financial markets contortions. The social, monetary, and political impacts that substance misuse has had on the whole society are plainly obvious. For example, a significant number of Americans who capitulate because of medication related complexities has taken off. Direct social insurance costs have likewise expanded to huge degrees. Furthermore, substance misuse cost Americans billions of dollars every year. Further, there is Low efficiency in the U. S because of horribleness, which has antagonistically influenced the American economy (Boschert 29). Medication related wrongdoings are the thing to take care of in U.S in that crime percentage has immensely uplifted. Thus, wrongdoing and law requirement costs have been on the ascent because of increments being used of illicit utilization of pot. This has conjured the American government to straighten out its belt in the battle against unlawful medication and substance misuse. Psychoactive medications have been fused in get-togethers, for example, festivities, strict services, and soul changing experiences. While examining the issue of recreational medications, it is reasonable to discuss the damage related with these medications (Sabet 2009). Pot can be taken on ordinary premise with no evil premise yet long haul introduction and admission of medications is hurtful. Dominant part of individuals kick the bucket from tranquilize initiated causes, for example, organ harm, coronary fai lure, and even overdose. Likewise, there are a few states of being dangers related with maryjane medications, for example, explicitly transmitted maladies that emerge from poor prudent judgment. Aside from oneself incurred hurt, there is hurt that is caused to others in the public eye, for example, expanded crime percentage from clients who can't control their framework since drugs devoured hinders their genuine choices (Kilmer 39-42). Robbery and muggings are usually connected with enslavement and ladies who are affected by medications would take part in prostitution without their own feelings to do as such. Youngsters conceived in families where guardians are tranquilize user’s end up destitute while family assets are exhausted. Selling and utilizing cannabis has both lawful and good issues. On one hand, if the administration legitimized the utilization of weed in the public arena, we can derive whether use of maryjane is corrupt or not. On the off chance that the law permi ts a person to connect with or do certain things, it doesn't imply that the individual ought to do it. Then again, regardless of whether the utilization of weed isn't ethically satisfactory we can address ourselves whether the utilization of such medications is illicit or not. The law has numerous defects in that it permits us to do numerous things that are corrupt, for example, saying misleads others (Boschert 32-34). The entire reason and rationale of weed is for the delight that they produce to the client. Quest for joy comes normal to us as individuals. It is human instinct that individuals are delight chasing and what makes life charming is in joy of bigger assortment. There are delights in food, medications, or sentiment. Along these lines cerebrum science

The Structure Of The Travel And Tourism Industry Tourism Essay

The Structure Of The Travel And Tourism Industry Tourism Essay Travel and the travel industry is one of the most dynamic and biggest businesses that broaden plentiful openings for work for people with the proper abilities, comprehension and demeanor (Driver 2001). This industry has now elucidated into one of the universes most noteworthy ventures. This industry is one of the critical creating divisions of the UK economy (Costa 1995, p. 12). It has grown rapidly since the Second World War and now has gotten one of the globes biggest enterprises. UK travel and the travel industry utilizes more than 2.1 million individuals that proof its significance for the nation. The business serves clients with a broad scope of items, administrations and offices as indicated by their particular needs. The business works in a particular way that is basic to comprehend before entering it (Knowles, Teixeira Egan 2003, p. 47). The industrys noteworthiness can be comprehended with its endeavors as far as Visitbritain that is Britains national the travel industry office, responsible for promoting Britain abroad (Coulter 2003, p. 20). This office works with a huge number of UK and abroad associations, to advertise Britain adequately to guests from all over world. It essentially works for advancing UK the travel industry. This module is structured such that will help with researching the UK travel and the travel industry. It will improve our insight towards the movement and the travel industry providers that incorporate visit administrators, trip specialist, convenience and transport association (Costa 1995, p. 12). All through this industry examination that will be taken here, it will turn out to be anything but difficult to perceive the structure of the movement and the travel industry, recognize the fundamental business providers and the procedure utilized by them to convey their items. Here, the various parts of the business will be concentrated alongside the conversation of their interrelation. Too, this paper will likewise help with investigating diverse travel and the travel industry associations of the business from government and private parts. The business assessment will likewise help with finding out about the most recent industry advancements and their effect on present industry position. Industry examination will be finished in two sections. In initial segment of the paper instruction data area of site will be built up that will delineate the structure of the movement and the travel industry. In the second piece of the paper, a movement or the travel industry association will be chosen to assess its working. This thusly will be finished with the assistance of building up a represented contextual analysis for a prospective extraordinary element of online travel and the travel industry exchange paper. This contextual investigation will help in distinguishing the particular elements of chose travel or the travel industry association. Along these lines, this thorough model will help with recognizing UK travel and the travel industry structure and working. The Structure of the Travel and Tourism Industry Structure of UK travel the travel industry can be seen adequately by understanding its various angles, segments and capacities. For understanding industry structure it is basic to assess its every single perspective from providers to clients that should be possible by evaluating its various angles separately (Costa 1995, p. 13). Which means of Travel and Tourism Locate a solitary meaning of movement and the travel industry isn't simple with which everybody concurs. Travel is development of people starting with one spot then onto the next with the assistance of various kinds of transport though the travel industry grasps the comprehensive procedure of individuals visiting differing goals for various reasons alongside industry support (Moutinho 2000). Albeit one thing on which everybody concurs is that movement and the travel industry is a major business and the business creates noteworthy benefit. Travel and the travel industry is likewise a constituent of relaxation as us all go for occasions or visits all through our recreation time (Thrift Walling 2000, p. 97). In understanding to the World Tourism Organization, the travel industry is the flitting, momentary development of people to places outside and inside their local areas, where they typically live and work (The Travel and Tourism Industry n.d.). The travel industry includes development of people for a wide range of reasons and their exercises all through their visits. These definitions proof that who is travelers: Individuals who are a long way from their home or home. Individuals who are on a transitory or momentary visit like occasions (Goodall 1997, p. 243). People who are aligned with movement and the travel industry exercises. Overnight or day visit in relaxation time. Excursion identified with business or visiting companions or family members (Moutinho 2000). The primary sorts of the travel industry in the UK business are local the travel industry, approaching or inbound the travel industry or outbound the travel industry. Household Tourism: It is when people take occasions, brief breaks and day trips in their own nation. In the year 2000, in general 174.5 million outings were made by British individuals, inside the UK (Jessica 2003). Approaching/Inbound Tourism: This sort of the travel industry is identified with worldwide the travel industry when other nation individuals are entering the UK. In 2000, by and large 25.2 million abroad guests came in UK with various plans (The Travel and Tourism Industry n.d.). Outbound Tourism: Outbound the travel industry relates to when people travel away from their nation of origin to visit some other global nations for occasion or business exercises (Ward 2002, p. 41). The unmistakable business providers are trip specialists, visit administrators and settlement suppliers. A wide range of the travel industry are made do with the assistance of industrys providers and merchants (Moutinho 2000). Contrasts between the Three Economic Sectors The UK travel and Tourism industry is characterized in three monetary parts: Open Sector: This monetary area of the business offers types of assistance for open and it is all in all paid through government. For the successful activity of this part, chose bodies like neighborhood gathering and Parliament are dependable. The vast majority of the open administrations gave are non-benefit making (Jessica 2003). Administrations offered through this segment includes exhibition halls and craftsmanship displays, youth and public venues, recreation clubs, open lobbies, playing fields, cooking administrations, data focuses, libraries and so forth. Visit Britain, DCMS, FCO, Regional Development Agencies and English Heritage are a portion of the instances of open part the travel industry associations (Rowe Smith 2002). Private Sector: The private area of the travel industry incorporates assorted business administrators oversaw by various people and organizations. The generous point of these people and organizations is to create benefits by offering diverse travel and the travel industry administrations and items to clients (Moutinho 2000). The huge private segment exercises with respect to travel and the travel industry are in the spaces of retail deals, amusement, providing food and convenience, travel administrations and the travel industry. In present day time, number of private travel and the travel industry associations work in UK like Rank, Granada, Ladbrokes, Thomas Cook and Virgin (The Travel and Tourism Industry n.d.). These private part associations serve clients with offices like travel organizations, amusement parks, fairway, wellbeing and relaxation clubs, cafés and lodgings (BDO Hospitality Consulting 1996, p. 8). Intentional Sector: Associations that have a place with intentional part are coordinated and worked by volunteers. It incorporates non-benefit making or altruistic associations, for example, travel or nearby game clubs. These sorts of associations give some money related favorable position to the business as rate and VAT alleviation and help from personal duty on ventures (The Travel and Tourism Industry n.d.). A portion of this division associations that record as good cause are required to satisfy some particular conditions like they ought to work with destinations like foundation, non-benefit making and headway of instruction and sports. They have to work with a target to fulfill network as far as advantages. In UK there are in excess of 200 national intentional travel and the travel industry bunches that grasp youth and local gatherings, visiting gatherings, preservation gatherings, social games clubs, legacy bunches and so on. Travel and Tourism Chain of Distribution The chain of conveyance is a method of offering items to the end shoppers. It is pertinent in every industry and ensuing is its customary structure: Maker Maker Distributer Retailer Buyer The Traditional Chain of Distribution Typically, a producer conveys its item or administration to its purchaser through distributer and retailer yet it isn't the situation with movement and the travel industry (Moutinho 2000). In movement and the travel industry likewise a chain of conveyance is followed that is as per the following: Principals for example lodgings, carriers and other transport organizations Visit Operators Travel Agencies Customers Travel and Tourism Traditional Chain of Distribution In movement the travel industry, conventional chain of appropriation fit exactly into a class, for example trip specialist who performs explicit business job. In spite of the fact that the business is significantly more mind boggling than this and in a few examples the customary chain (Rowe Smith 2002) has been contracted as follows: Guideline Internet Consumer Guideline Tour Operator Call focus Consumer Guideline Tour Operator Television Consumer Guideline Call focus Consumer These are a portion of the conveyance channels utilized by UK travel and visit organizations. Too, organizations likewise not carefully tail one line of business since they used to purchase or converge with different sorts of organizations. Visit administrators currently have purchased or made carriers, travel offices and inns (BDO Hospitality Consulting 1996, p. 8). This is accomplished for achieving noteworthy business development and market position. This purchasing or merger process by UK travel and the travel industry organizations is perceived as vertical a

Federal Protective Service (FPS) Research Paper

Government Protective Service (FPS) - Research Paper Example Today, the inquiry that remaining parts is whether the DHS has served its job by guaranteeing high security gauges, or on the off chance that it has neglected to play out its job as a security body (Haulley, 2005). The Federal Protective Services (FPS) is under the DHS, and effectively provides security and administrations of law authorization to the government structures, property, offices, and other state resources. So as to fill this need, FPS has a statement of purpose that stresses their motivation and goals, which are basically worried about security. FPS has subsequently, utilized near 1,300 workers. These contain cops, criminal examiners, bolster work force, and law authorization security officials. Likewise, FPS has contracted around 15,000 security watches, who are accountable for the security of in excess of 9,000 structures and their tenants (Haulley, 2005). So as to offer insurance and security to government offices and staff, FPS utilizes an assortment of safety efforts , found in its physical security program. These incorporate establishment of magnetometers, caution frameworks, just as passage control frameworks, which are operational in government structures each day. What's more, the FPS gives formally dressed police reaction to security concerns, and gives subsequent meet-ups on such worries through further examinations. Various workshops on wrongdoing avoidance are offered to an assortment of offices by the FPS, contingent upon their authoritative needs. FPS has trusted that all these will impel it to turning into a world-class security organization (Goldstein, 2009). In giving structures security and assurance of other basic foundation, the FPS utilizes systems that empower location, discouragement, disturbance, and examination of dangers utilizing specialists worried about law implementation. Moreover, FPS chiefly depends on its hazard the board program, which should be set to the guidelines of Interagency Security Committee and the Nationa l Infrastructure Protection Plan. Also, FPS guarantees powerful correspondence and coordination among its law authorization faculty, by utilizing the MegaCenter, its focal correspondence point (Goldstein, 2009). In spite of the fact that the FPS attempts to guarantee the security of government structures, it has not concocted thorough measures to address the security worries in these structures. For example, the product FPS has received for security investigations is ineffectual in accomplishing high security norms. The Modified Infrastructure Survey Tool (Mist) is a security programming that FPS used to review government structures and uncover any security dangers. This included oversimplified tests, which were then transferred in an incorporated database, after suggestions from the product. This product was untrustworthy, as it didn't take into consideration examination of security dangers, between various government structures. Also, this product can't address psychological oppre ssion dangers, since it does not have the capacity to factor their potential results (Goldstein, 2009). Aside from Mist, the FPS built up another framework called the Risk Assessment and Management Program (Ramp), which would be utilized to test government structures for security dangers, yet similarly fizzled. In its underlying use, this product caused the secretive loss of recorded examinations from its database. Likewise, slope couldn't associate with its servers in remote zones. In this manner, the controllers came up short on a method of guaranteeing that the

Writing a Descriptive Essay - Things to Consider

Writing a Descriptive Essay - Things to ConsiderIf you are unsure of what to write a descriptive essay about, here are some things to consider. Knowing what to write about in an essay will allow you to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of your thesis topic, and more importantly, the opportunities that your reader has to learn something about your topic.Your theme is probably centered around one or more salient characteristics of your subject. It is most often the case that your topic will center around the nature of a major event in someone's life. However, if you want to also focus on a change in their lifestyle that occurred during this time, it can be particularly useful to write about this as well. Sometimes, the topic of your essay will be so central that it can almost seem like an obsession with that person.However, just because you find this information fascinating, doesn't mean that you should use it for the purpose of your essay. You should know that people who do this tend to be consumed with details. This is generally not the best way to present information. Your audience expects you to present more abstract information and at least some summary and analytical information.When writing a descriptive essay, be sure to stay away from issues that come with wordiness. Most people, when reading essay topics, find that they prefer them to be as short and to the point as possible. So, when thinking about what to write about, try to avoid anything that is too lengthy. This can include things like research, theory, math, or even artwork.The next thing to think about when writing a description essay is to pay attention to the level of detail that you provide. It is helpful to think about how much detail you are comfortable with. The greater the amount of detail that you can provide in your essay, the better off you will be when you are submittingit to a university or college.Keep in mind that the sentence structure is an important part of your essay. Struc ture is very important when dealing with long subjects. A lot of long and technical subject is best left to a book or an encyclopedia for more detail. Having a very simple and clear explanation can help you think of more ideas that can help make your essay more interesting.One of the most important things to keep in mind when writing a descriptive essay is to focus on a very interesting topic that you want to explain. By doing this, you will be able to draw a more broad appeal to your essay. In addition, by writing from the viewpoint of your reader, you will also be able to ensure that they learn something new about your topic.There are plenty of tips and tricks that you can use when writing a descriptive essay. If you can focus on the proper details, you can guarantee that your topic will be more meaningful.

Exploring Handshakes - Free Essay Example

Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to: Greg L. Stewart, Department of Management and Organizations, Tippie College of Business, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 Electronic Mail may be sent to: [emailprotected] edu. A firm handshake is often identified as an aspect of nonverbal communication that has a critical influence on impressions formed during employment interviews. Indeed, a recent search of the Internet revealed nearly a million listings that detailed the importance of the handshake and gave advice about the proper way to shake hands during an interview. In spite of seemingly widespread acceptance of the important role the handshake plays in interview success, empirical research examining the handshake in employment interviews is lacking. Nonverbal cues other than the handshake, such as eye contact during discussions and smiling, have been shown to have a critical influence on interview assessments (DeGroot Motowidlo, 1999). Although not stud ied in the interview context, the ubiquitous prevalence of the handshake at both the beginning and the end of interviews suggests that nonverbal cues communicated through the shaking of hands may convey important information about job applicants. The handshake may specifically convey information about an individuals personality, as early research suggested a traitlike relationship between the handshake and personality (Chaplin, Phillips, Brown, Clanton, Stein, 2000; Vanderbilt, 1957). In short, good handshakes are believed to communicate sociability, friendliness, and dominance, whereas poor handshakes may communicate introversion, shyness, and neuroticism (Chaplin et al. , 2000). Yet, research has not explored relationships between the nonverbal act of shaking hands and employment interview evaluations. In this article, we empirically examine the role of the handshake in employment interviews. We first seek to determine whether quality of the handshake does indeed correspond with interviewer assessments. We then explore the nature of what is being conveyed through the handshake by examining relationships between the handshake and personality. We also assess the effect of potential gender differences in handshaking. Is Handshake Quality Related to Ratings in Employment Interviews? In the interview context, nonverbal behaviors are assumed to convey useful information (Gifford, Ng, Wilkinson, 1985; Schlenker, 1980). The category of nonverbal cues can be broadly defined as cues, other than the content of responses, or demographic differences like sex and race (Parsons Liden, 1984). Nonverbal behaviors commonly thought to be important during an interview include eye contact, smiling, posture, interpersonal distance, and body orientation (Forbes Jackson, 1980; Imada Hakel, 1977; Motowidlo Burnett, 1995; Young Beier, 1977). These behaviors are assumed to influence interviewer reactions, which in turn result in attributions of applicant characteris tics such as communication ability, intelligence, and self-confidence (DeGroot Motowidlo, 1999; McGovern Tinsley, 1978). Given that a handshake typically occurs in the interview setting, it is surprising that researchers have not looked at the role this form of tactile nonverbal communication may play in the interview setting. The handshake is a nonverbal touch behavior that can convey an immediacy dimension in interviews (Imada Hakel, 1977). Immediacy is an interaction between two individuals that involves close physical proximity and/or perceptual availability (Mehrabian, 1972). It has been theorized that greater immediacy leads to attributions of greater liking (Imada Hakel, 1977; Mehrabian, 1967). Because the act of shaking hands requires physical contact, the handshake should influence immediacy evaluations. Physical touch is generally associated with warmth, closeness, caring, and intimacy (Edinger Patterson, 1983). Of course, awkward handshakes can also communicate negative information (Edinger Patterson, 1983; Schlenker, 1980). Desirable handshakes have been described as firm handshakes that include a strong and complete grip, vigorous shaking for a lasting duration, and eye contact while hands are clasped (Chaplin et al. , 2000). Given the high correspondence between other nonverbal cues and interview assessments, we predicted that handshakes demonstrating these desirable characteristics would communicate positive information about the ndividual being evaluated. * Hypothesis 1: Individuals with a firm handshake will receive more positive evaluations during employment interviews. What Does the Handshake Communicate? Because shaking hands is often the first behavioral act that occurs when people meet, information conveyed through the handshake is potentially critical. But what information does a handshake convey? What specific cues communicated through the handshake might enhance an interviewers evaluation? One possibility is that shaking hands during an interview creates an impression about candidate personality traits that in turn influences assessments of suitability for employment. To explore this effect, we examined existing research on the relationship between traits and the handshake. Greeting behavior, such as the handshake, has mainly been investigated in anthropological and ethnographic studies (Astrom Thorell, 1996; Schiffrin, 1974; Webster, 1984). Our search of the literature found only four empirical studies related to handshaking, and none of them was conducted in the interview context. Three studies were conducted in Sweden by Astrom and associates (Astrom, 1994; Astrom Thorell, 1996; Astrom, Thorell, Holmlund, dElia, 1993), who found moderate relationships between the handshake and personality characteristics such as social extraversion. However, the generalizability of these conclusions to an interview setting is limited, as participants included psychiatric patients, therapists, and clergymen . Another study by Chaplin et al. (2000) in a noninterview setting found a firm handshake to be positively related to extraversion (r = . 19) and emotional expressiveness (r = . 6) but to be negatively related to shyness (r = ?. 29) and neuroticism (r = ?. 24). The findings across studies suggest that the handshake is particularly informative for assessment of two personality traits: extraversion and neuroticism (Chaplin et al. , 2000). Of the two personality traits identified as likely to be communicated through the handshake, extraversion, but not neuroticism, appears to correspond with interview assessments. Tay, Ang, and Van Dyne (2006) specifically found evidence of a relationship with interview success for extraversion (r = . 4) but not for neuroticism (r = . 06). Other studies (e. g. , Caldwell Burger, 1998; DeFruyt Mervielde, 1999) have similarly identified extraversion as the personality trait most strongly related to employment interview outcomes. Moreover, meta-analytic evidence suggests that interviewer assessments of extraversion are related to evaluations of work contribution (? = . 33; Huffcutt, Conway, Roth, Stone, 2001). Thus, cues related to extraversion appear to be particularly relevant for interpretation of personality information conveyed through shaking hands during employment interviews. In the interview setting, a firm handshake may convey that the applicant has a high level of extraversion and thus lead to a more positive evaluation. In short, a firm handshake signifies persuasive ability, sociability, and interpersonal skills (Astrom Thorell, 1996; Chaplin et al. , 2000), which are aspects of extraversion that are particularly related to success in social interactions (Costa McCrae, 1992; Tay et al. , 2006). We therefore hypothesized that the handshake represents a behavioral manifestation of an individuals extraversion. Hypothesis 2: Extraversion will correlate positively with handshake ratings. * Hypothesis 3: The handshake is a behavioral mediator of the relationship between extraversion and hirability evaluations in employment interviews. Although extraversion is the only five factor model (FFM) trait previously linked both to the handshake and to interview outcomes, we sought additional insight concerning traits. We thus included the remaining FFM traits—neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience—as exploratory measures. Meta-analytic evidence also suggests that interviewers may use candidate appearance for spontaneous personality assessments at the beginning of the interview (Hosoda, Stone-Romero, Coats, 2003). To control for possible effects of the what is beautiful is good stereotype (Eagly, Ashmore, Makhijani, Longo, 1991), we obtained measures of candidate physical attractiveness and professional appearance. Prior research suggests that physically attractive candidates obtain more positive interviewer evaluations than do candidates who are less attractive (Forsythe, Drake, Cox, 1985; Motowidlo Burnett, 1995). Professional appearance, which includes appropriateness of hygiene, personal grooming, and dress (Kinicki Lockwood, 1985; Mack Rainey, 1990), is expected to have even larger effects during the interview, because candidates are assumed to have more control over their own cleanliness and dress and interviewers are influenced by expectations about customary social behavior or conduct during the interview (Posthuma, Morgeson, Campion, 2002). To better isolate the effect of shaking hands, we included both measures of candidate appearance as covariates. Does a Weaker Handshake Place Women at a Disadvantage in Employment Interviews? Considerable research has investigated how demographic characteristics, including gender, impact interview outcomes. Given equal qualifications, research suggests that women tend to be evaluated less positively than do men in ratings of their credentials on paper (Arvey, 1979; Barr H itt, 1986; Hitt Barr, 1989; Parsons Liden, 1984). On the other hand, female applicants have been found to be judged more favorably than male applicants on some nonverbal interview behaviors, such as posture and eye contact (Parsons Liden, 1984). Nevertheless, many of these effects are modest and may largely reflect similarity between applicant and interviewer (Arvey Campion, 1982; Dipboye, 1982; Harris, 1989; Posthuma et al. , 2002; Schmitt, 1976). Goldberg and Cohen (2004) posited that, in relation to nonverbal cues, gender may impact recruiters assessments of applicants differently than do verbal cues. For example, research suggests that women are perceived as being more adept at conveying nonverbal communication than are men (Buck, Miller, Caul, 1974; Goldberg Cohen, 2004; Graham, Unruh, Jennings, 1991; LaFrance Mayo, 1979). In contrast, men are typically seen as being more rational in their presentation of ideas than are women (Burke, 1996). Goldberg and Cohen (200 4) found that nonverbal skills were a stronger predictor than were verbal skills of overall interview assessments. However, they found only marginal support for expected gender differences. This finding highlights the need for research that clarifies gender differences associated with nonverbal communication. Potential gender differences are of particular concern when it comes to the handshake. Chaplin et al. 2000) found handshaking scores to be lower for women than for men. They suggested that this may be so because women have less experience in handshaking, as the practice has historically been more common between men than it has been between women or between women and men. Thus, a positive relationship between the handshake and interview outcomes might have a negative impact on women. If handshakes for women are evaluated as less desirable, the result might be lower interviewer assessments of suitability for hiring. This expected difference in handshaking resulted in our final hy pothesis. Hypothesis 4: Handshakes from women will be rated less favorably than are handshakes from men, which will result in lower interviewer assessments for women. Method Participants and Procedures Participants in this study were 98 undergraduate students enrolled in an elective, one-credit career preparations class at a large midwestern university. Their mean age was 21 years (SD = 2. 7), and 69% were juniors and seniors. Of the participants, 50 were women and 90% were Caucasian. As part of the class, students participated in a mock interview. Participants were instructed to treat this experience just as they would a real interview (e. . , by dressing appropriately and researching the company prior to the interview). They were also informed that past participants had occasionally obtained real interviews, which led to actual jobs, as a result of favorable mock interviews. Informal conversations with participants and interviewers following the mock interviews indicated that the participants did take the opportunity seriously and put forth their best effort. Human resources professionals from local organizations volunteered their time to conduct the mock interviews, which typically lasted about 1 hr. A mock interview included a 30- to 45-min interview and 15–20 min of feedback provided to the participant. Interviewers were instructed to use the same interview format they presently followed with actual candidates and to focus on the job with the most frequent openings. Hence, the mock interview was based on actual selection practices and corresponded to an interview the candidates could expect to engage in during their own job search. Because some interviewers conducted more than one interview, we assessed potential bias from nonindependence of measures. Following the procedures of Kenny and Judd (1986), we conducted an analysis of variance, with interview ratings as the dependent variable and interviewer as the independent factor, and found no evidence of rater effects, F(26, 74) = 1. 26, ns. The obtaining of multiple ratings from interviewers thus appears not to have created problems associated with nonindependence of measures. Handshake firmness was assessed by five independent raters, who scored each participants handshake at different times during the mock interview process. The raters shook hands while greeting each participant, either before or after the mock interview, so both interviewees and interviewers were unaware that handshakes were being evaluated. None of the handshake evaluators served as an interviewer. Two raters greeted and shook hands when a participant arrived for the mock interview. Participants were then introduced to a third rater, who shook hands. After the mock interview, a fourth rater greeted participants, shook hands, and introduced them to the fifth rater, who shook hands. Within 5–10 s of shaking hands, raters excused themselves from participants and completed an evaluation form. To avoid priming interviewers to pay undue attention to the handshake, we did not ask them to provide explicit assessments of the handshake. Rater Training Following the procedures of Chaplin et al. (2000), we trained raters in handshake evaluation. On contact with an individuals hand, raters were instructed to close their hand around the participants hand but to wait for the participant to initiate the strength of the grip and the upward-and-downward shaking. Furthermore, the raters were instructed to release their grip only when the participant began to relax his or her grip or otherwise show signs of terminating the handshake. Raters practiced their handshaking technique on each other and on other individuals until they had mastered the evaluation concepts and technique. The training included information about the handshake dimensions. Definitions of the completeness of grip, strength, duration, vigor, and eye contact were provided. Extreme examples of each dimension were i llustrated. Individuals were recruited to shake hands with the raters and were instructed to shake hands the same way with all five raters. The raters coded the practice handshakes on all dimensions. We discussed discrepancies in the ratings to create a common frame of reference among raters. Measures Handshake ratings The raters assessed the five handshake characteristics on 5-point rating scales (Chaplin et al. , 2000). Given that each students handshake was scored by five independent raters, we calculated estimates of interrater reliability for completeness of grip (1 = very incomplete to 5 = full; intraclass correlation [ICC(2)] = . 77), strength (1 = weak to 5 = strong; ICC = . 83), duration (1 = brief to 5 = long; ICC = . 73), vigor (1 = low to 5 = high; ICC = . 71), and eye contact while grasping hands (1 = none to 5 = direct; ICC = . 68). Given high intercorrelation among the handshake characteristics, we also created an overall handshake score represented by the mean of the five items (ICC = . 85). Personality Participants completed the Personal Characteristics Inventory (Mount, Barrick, Wonderlic Consulting, 2002) in a classroom context not directly related to the mock interview. The inventory comprises 150 Likert-type items that measure conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, emotional stability, and openness to experience. Coefficient alpha estimates are . 89, . 90, . 91, . 90, and . 85, respectively. Hiring recommendation Interviewers completed a final hiring recommendation at the end of the interview. The evaluation consisted of five questions that are used to assess perceived applicant suitability (Cable Judge, 1997; Higgins Judge, 2004; Stevens Kristof, 1995). Questions were rated on a 5-point scale. Examples include This student appears to be very qualified (response options ranged from strongly disagree to strongly agree) and How satisfied do you think you would be if you were to hire this student for a full-time position ? (response options ranged from strongly dissatisfied to very satisfied). Coefficient alpha for the hiring recommendation was . 90 in this sample. Candidate appearance Each candidate was videotaped while sitting for 5 s (with no audio). Four raters, independent from the interviewers and other raters in the study, evaluated applicant physical attractiveness and professional appearance. Physical attractiveness was assessed according to the single-item measure used by Cable and Judge (1997): Please rate the overall level of physical attractiveness of this candidate on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 (very unattractive) to 5 (very attractive). Ratings of professional dress relied on a five-item scale adapted from Parsons and Liden (1984) and Kinicki and Lockwood (1985). Items include The applicant was appropriately dressed, with answers ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Coefficient alpha for the five-item professional dress scale was . 80. Interrater agreement was shown by ICC values of . 79 for physical attractiveness and . 89 for professional dress. Results Table 1 shows means, standard deviations, and intercorrelations among the variables. Hypothesis 1 predicted a relationship between a firm handshake and interview ratings and was supported (r = . 9, p . 05). All five handshake dimensions also related significantly to the interviewer evaluation (rs . 24–. 31), although none were significantly different from the effect found for the overall handshake. We thus include only the overall average rating for our tests of mediation. As expected, extraversion correlated positively with interviewer ratings (r = . 28, p . 05). Supporting Hypothesis 2, extraversion correlated positively with handshake quality (r = . 23, p . 05). The two covariates, physical appearance and professional dress, were not significantly correlated with the interviewers hiring recommendation (rs = ?. 1 and . 15, respectively) but were correlated with the ratin gs of the handshake (r = . 19 and . 42, respectively). None of the other FFM traits were related to either the handshake or the interviewer evaluations. apl-93-5-1139-tbl1a. gifMeans, Standard Deviations, and Correlations In a result similar to those of previous studies, women received lower ratings for the overall handshake rating (M = 3. 47 for women vs. M = 3. 70 for men). As shown in Table 2, item-level analysis revealed that this effect was attributable to gender differences on handshake strength (M = 3. 11 vs. M = 3. 64) and grip (M = 3. 51 vs. M = 3. 9). apl-93-5-1139-tbl2a. gifVariable Means by Participant Gender We used path analysis (Bentler Wu, 1995) to test Hypotheses 3 and 4. We tested and compared three models. Model 1 includes both direct and indirect effects for extraversion and gender. Models 2 and 3 are nested within Model 1. To test whether part of the effect of extraversion and gender on interviewer ratings is mediated by the handshake, Model 2 eliminates paths from these variables to the handshake by fixing these parameters to zero. Comparison of the fit of Model 2 to that obtained for Model 1 enabled us to test whether there were mediation effects. Model 3 removes the direct paths from extraversion and gender to interviewer ratings. Lack of difference in the fit of Models 1 and 3 would provide support for the more parsimonious complete mediation model (Model 3). Each model controlled for the effect of agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness to experience, physical attractiveness, and professional dress on interviewer ratings. Given an expected relationship between physical appearance and professional dress, we allowed the error terms for these variables to covary. Table 3 shows results for each model. To estimate model fit, we evaluated the chi-square statistic, root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA; Browne Cudeck, 1993), goodness of fit index (GFI; Joreskog Sorbom, 1993), and comparative fit inde x (CFI; Bentler, 1990). Model 1, with both direct and indirect effects, exhibited good fit, ? 2(16, N = 98) = 24. 15, p = . 09, RMSEA = . 07, GFI = . 95, CFI = . 95. Fit for Model 2 was not as good, ? 2(18, N = 98) = 31. 68, p = . 02, RMSEA = . 09, GFI = . 94, CFI = . 91, and a chi-square difference test suggested that it was significantly worse, ? 2(2, N = 98) = 7. 15, p . 5, than was the fit for a model that included mediating effects (Model 1). This result shows that at least some of the effect of extraversion and gender on interviewer assessments was mediated by the handshake. Fit for Model 3 was marginal, ? 2(18, N = 98) = 31. 28, p = . 03, RMSEA = . 09, GFI = . 94, CFI = . 91, and the chi-square difference test suggested that fit for Model 3 was significantly worse than was fit for Model 1, 2(2) = 7. 13, p . 05. This result supports partial mediation, as the direct paths from gender and extraversion (included in Model 1) retain some explanatory power. pl-93-5-1139-tbl3a. gi fFit Indices for Path Models Results for the best fitting model—Model 1—are shown in Figure 1. Extraversion had an indirect effect on interviewer ratings through its relationship with the handshake (? = . 19), as well as a direct effect (? = . 31). Hypothesis 3 was supported, as the handshake operated as a mediator of the relationship between extraversion and interviewer assessments. Hypothesis 4 was not supported. Women received lower ratings for the handshake (? = . 18) but somewhat higher interviewer ratings (? = ?. 14). Weaker handshakes for women did not translate into lower interviewer assessments. In fact, the negative indirect relationship for women through the handshake was compensated for by a positive but nonsignificant direct relationship with the interviewer assessment. This effect is labeled suppression by Cohen and Cohen (1983). Negative relationships with some personality traits for women created additional indirect paths that were negative. Taken to gether, these effects show that about one half of the positive effect for women on interviewer ratings was nullified by indirect and spurious effects through the handshake. pl-93-5-1139-fig1a. gifFigure 1. Path model with direct and indirect effects. Values are standardized coefficients. Personality and gender variables are allowed to intercorrelate. Error terms between ratings of professional dress and physical appearance are allowed to covary. *p . 05. None of the covariates exhibited a significant relationship with the interviewer assessment. However, the handshake influenced interviewer ratings even after we had controlled for ratings of physical attractiveness and professional dress, as well as for the remaining FFM personality traits. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first study that empirically supports the commonly held assumption that the handshake matters in employment interviews. The high degree of interrater reliability associated with the handshake evaluatio n provides strong support for the notion that people present a consistent handshake when greeting others. Furthermore, as hypothesized, individuals who follow common prescriptions for shaking hands, such as having a firm grip and looking the other person in the eye, receive higher ratings of employment suitability from interviewers. As this is the first empirical study to have examined the handshake in employment interviews, a number of issues that still need clarification. One issue is the extent to which our findings generalize to other settings. Our data were collected in a mock interview setting, in which interviewers evaluated the suitability of candidates for a wide variety of jobs. Future studies should assess whether the same relationships exist in actual interviews, with real job offers on the line, and whether the effect is stronger for some jobs than for others. Most of the interviewers in our study chose to interview for jobs with at least moderate social demands, and it may be that the handshake is not as strongly related to evaluations for jobs in which social interaction is not integral. We also chose to isolate the effect of the handshake by not sharing preinterview information, such as test scores and resumes. Such information has been linked to interview assessments (Macan Dipboye, 1990), and provision of additional details about interviewee characteristics and qualifications may result in interviewers being less influenced by nonverbal cues like the handshake. Future studies should thus explore whether or not the inclusion of preinterview information alters the relationship between the handshake and interview evaluations. Perhaps the most important question for future investigation is whether the handshake represents superficial bias or truly communicates important information about job candidates. A long-standing concern about employment interviews is the possibility that interviewers make quick first impressions and then seek inf ormation that verifies their early perceptions (Dougherty, Turban, Callender, 1994; Macan Dipboye, 1988). Is the relationship between the handshake and hiring recommendation evidence of quick judgmental bias for interviewers, or are interviewers actually obtaining valid information when they shake hands? In the present study, we sought to minimize judgmental bias by obtaining handshake ratings from a source other than the interviewers. The link between interviewer evaluation of the candidate and handshake ratings provided by other individuals increases our confidence that a quality handshake conveys something meaningful about the interviewee that is also reflected in the rating of employment suitability. Moreover, the link between handshake quality and personality is consistent with the notion of information relevant to job performance (i. e. , extraversion; Huffcutt et al. , 2001) being communicated through this nonverbal interaction. Nevertheless, additional research shoul d clarify the extent to which the handshake operates as either a biasing influence or an indicator of valid information. Of course, interviewee actions during the course of the interview will result in additional information that should be taken into account when the interviewer makes a hiring recommendation. This fact illustrates how noteworthy it is to find a consistent effect for the handshake even after 30 min of social interaction during the interview. One explanation for the relationship is the possibility that the handshake itself is recalled and factored into the final evaluation. Another explanation is that individuals with a firm handshake engage in other positive behaviors during the interview. Once again, the link between extraversion and interview ratings supports such an effect. More extraverted interviewees present a firmer handshake, and they likely engage in other positive behaviors that reflect their ability to perform work successfully. Indeed, Huffcutt et a l. (2001) found interviewer assessments of extraversion to be an important predictor of job performance. It thus seems likely that interviewers subconsciously combine information obtained during the handshake with other information obtained during the interview to arrive at an evaluation of employment suitability that is a valuable predictor of future performance. Our findings also provide important insights concerning gender and the handshake. The suppression effect identified in our data illustrates that, even though women may be less adept at handshaking, they engage in other actions that overcome the effects of a weak handshake. Our dimensional results show that the negative effect for women is carried through strength and grip rather than through eye contact. This finding, coupled with other research demonstrating that women excel at coding and decoding other nonverbal cues (e. g. facial expression and posture; Graham et al. , 1991), suggests that women have other strengths that can overcome the liability of a handshake that lacks a firm and complete grip. In terms of gender, our a priori prediction was simply that women would receive lower ratings for quality of handshake. We did not hypothesize that the influence of the handshake on evaluations provided at the end of the interview would differ for men and for women. Yet, post hoc exploratory analyses also suggest that women may benefit more from a firm handshake than do men. Specifically, we probed how gender interacts with the handshake by regressing interviewer ratings on handshake ratings, gender, and the interaction between gender and handshake. A possible trend we identified suggests that handshake firmness (a combined measure of strength and grip) interacts with gender. Although this relationship was below conventional standards for statistical significance (? R2 for interaction term = . 02, p = . 20), a plot of the results suggests a stronger relationship with a firm handshake for women tha n for men. Men and women with a weak handshake (one standard deviation below the mean) received almost identical ratings for employment suitability, but women with a firm handshake (one standard deviation above the mean) received substantially higher ratings than did men with a handshake of the same firmness. Thus, even though women on average present a weaker handshake, those women who do present a very firm handshake receive higher ratings than do men with an equally firm handshake. This effect was not found for the eye contact dimension or for the overall handshake rating. The combined findings that there is a potential interaction between firmness and gender and that the same dimensions of strength and grip are, on average, lower for women suggest that the value of a firm handshake may be greater for women than for men. The fact that an interviewer is less likely to receive a firm handshake from a woman than a man makes handshake firmness more salient to the interviewer wh en he or she evaluates women and thereby increases the potential benefit of a strong and complete grip for women. The results of this study therefore provide three specific contributions toward an understanding of the handshake in employment interviews. First, we provide the first empirical link between the handshake and interviewer assessments. Second, we show that a firm handshake partially mediates the effect of extraversion, which implies that the handshake is more than a biasing factor and can indeed communicate meaningful information about job applicants. Third, we demonstrate that women overcome the effects of weaker handshakes, such that on average they do not receive lower interview performance ratings from interviewers, and that women may actually benefit more than do men if they present a strong and complete grip when they shake hands. From a practical perspective, our findings suggest that the effect of the handshake in employment interviews should not be ignored. Interviewers can obtain important information about interviewee traits through the nonverbal cue of the handshake. Indeed, given that Huffcutt et al. 2001) found a stronger correlation with job performance for a rating of extraversion from interviewers (? = . 33) than is typical for a correlation with self-report measures (? = . 15; Barrick, Mount, Judge, 2001), obtaining trait evaluations through behavioral indicators such as the handshake may be a valuable approach that can increase the validity of selection decisions. Of course, the likelihood of accurate assessment of traits through behavioral acts such as the handshake is likely to attenuate if job applicants receive training to provide firmer handshakes. When it comes to handshake training, a practical implication of the results is that women, as compared with men, have a greater chance of improving their interview evaluations by learning to shake hands with a firm and complete grip. In the end, our findings add to a long- running historical analysis of the handshake. The handshake is thought to have originated in medieval Europe as a way for kings and knights to show that they did not intend to harm each other and possessed no concealed weapons (Hall Hall, 1983). The results presented in this study show that this age-old social custom has an important place in modern business interactions. Although the handshake may appear to be a business formality, it can indeed communicate critical information and influence interviewer assessments. 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I Was A Wild One Essay - 1521 Words

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Conjugating the French Verb Rire (to Laugh)

In French, the verb  rire  means to laugh. Its a fun and simple word and, hopefully, youll have plenty of opportunities to use it while studying French. The key to using  rire  properly in sentences is learning the most common conjugations so you can use it in the present, past, and future tenses. This lesson will show you how thats done. The Basic Conjugations of  Rire Rire may be a short word, but its also an irregular verb. This means that it does not follow the same pattern for the infinitive endings as most other French verbs. However, it is similar to sourire (to smile), so you can study the two together to make each a little easier. To start any conjugation, we need to identify the verb stem. In this case, that is simply   ri-. With that, youll add the various endings that match the subject pronoun as well as the tense of the sentence. For example, I am laughing is  je ris  and we laughed is  nous riions. Present Future Imperfect je ris rirai riais tu ris riras riais il rit rira riait nous rions rirons riions vous riez rirez riiez ils rient riront riaient The Present Participle of Rire In French, the  present participle  is most often formed by adding -ant  to the verb stem. Rire  follows this rule to form  riant. Rire  in the Past Tense Rather than use the imperfect to indicate the past tense of laughed, you can use the passà © composà ©. To form it, you will need the auxiliary verb avoir and the very short past participle ri. It is rather easy to construct this common form of the past tense. For example, I laughed is  jai ri  and we were laughing is  nous avons ri. Notice how  avoir  is the only word that needs to be conjugated and that it is in the present tense. This is because the past participle indicates that the action has already happened. More Simple Conjugations of Rire The verb conjugations above are most common, but you may need to know more forms of  rire  as you become more fluent in French. For instance, if theres a doubt as to whether someone is laughing, you can use the subjunctive verb mood. In a similar fashion, if someone wont laugh unless something else happens, use the conditional verb mood. There may also be times when youll encounter either the passà © simple  or  the imperfect subjunctive. These are, however, most often found in formal French, particularly literature. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je rie rirais ris risse tu ries rirais ris risses il rie rirait rit rt nous riions ririons rmes rissions vous riiez ririez rtes rissiez ils rient riraient rirent rissent When you wish to use  rire  in short commands or requests theres no need to include the subject pronoun. This is called  the imperative verb mood  and rather than saying  tu ris, you can simplify it to  ris. Imperative (tu) ris (nous) rions (vous) riez

The Rise And Fall Of The American Dream - 1643 Words

Amy Corser Course Essay English 1362, Professor Holahan December 8, 2015 The Rise and Fall of the American Dream United States writer and historian, James Truslow Adams, once defined the American Dream as a life â€Å"better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement,† regardless of social class or circumstances of birth. Both The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Invisible Man, by Ralph Ellison, tell the story of a man and his experiences as he embarks on his pursuit of the American Dream. However, as the novels progress, one is able to see the various ways in which society deeply affects both protagonists’ overall understanding and pursuit of what they consider to be the American Dream. Both Gatsby and the invisible man willingly enter a societal group in the hope of using its members to fulfill their individual goals; Gatsby uses his extravagant parties and prominent reputation to convince Daisy fall in love with him, while the invisible man uses the men in his town for education, equality, and an improved life. Whi le involved in these societal groups, both characters construct identities in order to help them achieve their hopes and dreams. However, in the process of attempting to fulfill their desires, the protagonists fail to realize the extent of influence society has over them, causing both Gatsby and the invisible man to loose sight of their true identities as they strive to embody something with which theyShow MoreRelatedThe Public Enemy Genre Analysis1219 Words   |  5 Pagesgenre is characterized by violence and lawlessness of american capitalism and The American Dream. The short lived classical era of the gangster genre in Hollywood is also greatly influenced by the production code which manifested the iconic moral narrative of the gangster genre. William A. Wellman’s 1931 film The Public Enemy can be considered a film of the gangster genre when one examines the conflict with the American dream, the rise and fall of the protagonist Tom Powers, as well as the visualRead More Rhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech850 Words   |  4 PagesAt the March on Washington, August 28, 1963 Martin Luther King Jr. delivered the famous â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech. King was encouraged to write the speech because of all the injustices involving minority groups in America. He hopes to be a â€Å"beacon of light†(American Rhetoric:Martin Luther King) to many. Even though the â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech is targeted towards the negroes in the southern states in America that go through the struggle of inequality, it can be used to help all races. The purpose ofRead Moremoney and class in america Essay example708 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ In the book Money and Class in America written by Lewis Lapham, the way Americans look at money is exposed. It compares other nations view on monetary value against that of the Americans. It is a fact that we place more value on money than anything else. This book illustrates the corruptness of the â€Å"A merican Dream† as it focuses money as the â€Å"currency of the soul† and through the dream, men remain free to rise or fall. Their life is the product of the effort and the decisions put forth by themRead MoreFirst Home Essay1529 Words   |  7 Pagesfinancing, and the cheaper rental opportunity that presented itself down the street ultimately derailed their initial thought of being home owners and the decision to not move into owning their first home was made. What was once the ever prevailing dream of owning a home in the United States has seen a change in the winds. Looking back in time, it was home ownership in the US that drove many geographic alterations for many demographic groups across the country leading to large expansions in urban developmentRead MoreAmerican Values and The Lion King1010 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican values are among the attributes which make a person who they are. Many fail to understand them, there are the standards used to define these ‘values.’ American values are an individual’s belief system set over time, the decisions they make in their life, their morals and what it means to be an American citizen. Few of these notable values that Americans have stayed true to are present in the Disney film, The Lion King. The film itself may dismiss to be nothing more than a childhood fairyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1377 Words   |  6 PagesMany people dream about achieving the American Dream, especially immigrants from around the world hoping to start a new life. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby tells the story of one man’s journey, Nick Carraway’s, in obtaining the American Dream. His decision to leave the midwest and move to the east enables him to be able to learn stocks and make a living. Nick has not yet achieved the American Dream, but is eager to obtain this feat. Nick’s friend, Tom Buchanan, lives in East Egg and inheritsRead MoreThe American Dream Is Dying982 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican DayDream The American dream is dying. A big uproar about its impossible to move up in social class. In the U.S. there s a gap between the poor and rich. Is it too far to hard to move up in one lifetime. It s far too hard to move up the social ladder, also just having a regular income of minimum wage or even making a few extra dollar or having kid makes the dream into a fairytale. Socioeconomic mobility in the United States refers to the movement of Americans from one social class or economicRead MoreOkonkwo and Jay Gatsby Essay examples928 Words   |  4 Pages Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, are novels that detail the tragic rise and fall of two heroes, Okonkwo and Jay Gatsby. Two men who represent the quintessential rags to riches story romanticized by Western literature; ironically destroyed by this same society. Through Okonkwo, we see the destruction of his culture; the culture that he devoted his whole life to, only to see it crushed by European colonists. Jay Gatsby illustrates a man who came fromRead MoreAnalysis of Political Rhetoric in The American Promise1046 Words   |  5 Pagespolitical rhetoric in â€Å"The American Promise† 2. Divide the speech into sections. Give each section a headline. American workers have kept the promise alive for more than 200 years. Page 109, Line 1-15. Hard work, Individuals, American Family, Sacrifice, Dreams, Belief. The American Promise. Page 109, Line 16-Page 110, Line 2. â€Å"Our own lives†, Freedom, Drive, Innovation, Growth, Education, Opportunity, â€Å"I am my brother’s keeper; I am my sister’s keeper†. The American Spirit Page 110, Line 4-PageRead MoreAnalysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1152 Words   |  5 PagesThe major argument that is being portrayed in Martin Luther King Jr.’s â€Å"I Have A Dream† speech is all men and women should be treated equally, regardless of their skin color. Dr. King states, â€Å"When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the unalienable

Essay on Technological Surveillance - 1068 Words

Technological Surveillance In an age where instant communication and technology provide easy and ready access to information, the society and the individual is caught between two very controversial principles- open information and privacy. The perceptions and expectations of privacy are rapidly changing as a result of current developments in surveillance technologies. The question is are these new surveillance technologies endangering the values and morals of our democratic society, the society we have worked for many centuries to achieve? According to Websters dictionary, surveillance is defined as a close kept watch over someone or something. Surveillance is not a new concept, and has†¦show more content†¦If this power is put into the hands of one person or one governing body, citizens are vulnerable to having their rights to privacy violated. Citizens may be concerned that they are constantly being watched, even in situations where they are not committing crimes. If the power of surveillance gets in the wrong hands, there is a possibility that the information may be used in crimes. This leads to square one, surveillance to prevent crime has actually caused it. Another very controversial issue is the right to privacy of citizens in their own homes. As citizens of Canada, we have the right to privacy and reserve the right that our privacy will be not be intruded upon. However, as citizens, we also do not have the right to commit crimes within our homes. By committing crimes, we are giving up every right as a citizen. However, corrupted law enforcers also cause ethical issues to rise. Policing agencies can easily use technological devices for reasons other than to prevent crime or catch a criminal. There is no one to police the police. Therefore, officers can physically intrude on ones privacy for any reason they please. Citizens may also abuse this right through the police by creating false accusations about another citizen, which may lead to a person to be watched. Privacy has become a very important issue, especially whenShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Technological Surveillance On Human Surveillance1549 Words   |  7 Pagesadvancements in everything. This could be through medicine, social skills, physical ability, and even technological advances. Specifically for the application of law and a person’s right to privacy technological advances in surveillance will be analyzed. Whitebread, and Slobogin (2014) give a good working definition of what technological surveillance is and what is covers. â€Å"Technological surveillance,†¦ is meant to encompass a wide variety of techniques that enhance the ability to ease drop or spy onRead MoreTechnological Surveillance Should Not Keep Up With The Swift Changes1143 Words   |  5 PagesTechnological surveillance is used in a wide field of areas from wiretapping, hacking, bugging, electronic tracking, video surveillance and so on, but, â€Å"when used by the government, technological sur veillance creates a particularly dramatic threat to the privacy of individual citizens† (p. 354), although this is uncertain to the government if it is indeed goes against citizen’s privacy. Technology advances so quickly, that the law cannot keep up with the swift changes. The first issue involvingRead More`` Domestic Drones `` : The Problems That Ensue From The Flaws Unmanned Aircraft Safety1045 Words   |  5 Pagesunmanned aircraft safety. Domestic drone use has expanded from the past few years to an array of firefighting and police surveillance to scientific research and aerial photograph. This expanded use, however, provides several security concerns, including a possible invasion of privacy and relaxed consequences of misuse. The debatable question here is whether drone surveillance by police should always require a warrant (McGlynn). By analyzing two opposing viewpoints on this topic through an in-depthRead MoreSurveillance : Surveillance And Surveillance Essay1481 Words   |  6 Pageschanges in people’s daily lives. Since survey and surveillance data is crucial for governments to maintain social order and for corporations to keep normal production and operation, it is inevitable that in the future surveillance will be used in every co rner of the world. Indeed, surveillance products are under the pressure of invasion of privacy because they indiscriminately gather information from every human around the world. However, all this surveillance enhances our society because it is the mostRead MoreSurveillance and Privacy Issues1000 Words   |  4 Pageslight of the medias recent preoccupation with surveillance and privacy issues. Include government surveillance and social media. For example the young woman who accused Florida state quarterback jameis Winston of rape was identified by football fans on social media and had ugly anonymous things posted about her. Nearly every major international agreement on human rights protects the right of individuals to be free from unwarranted surveillance. This guarantee has trickled down into nationalRead MoreSexual Harassment At The Civil Rights Act1746 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"[B]escuse technology evolves so rapidly and constantly, tech-specific surveillance laws operate as a technology sunset, expiring not on some arbitrarily defined timetable, but whenever the circumstances demand† (Ohm, 2010). This is to say that tech-specified laws should be constructed around the evolving nature of technology so as to find some amount of consistency otherwise abuse and flaws are subject to arise. â€Å"The modern surveillance state needs information, and left without proper oversight the analysisRead MoreThe Implementation of Technologies in Relation to Social Control – Surveillance Camera and the Big900 Words   |  4 PagesThe Implementation of Technologies in Relation to Social Control â₠¬â€œ Surveillance Camera and the Big Brother Society. The New Media and the Loss of Privacy. Media technologies were embraced by people as the means of easing their lives. However, if one does not know or take measures to use this technology properly, then one risks his life being abused by technology (Doyle, 2010, p. 4). Have you noticed that you regularly receive targeted ads as they offer you goods and services you used to surf forRead MorePublic vs. Private Policing1695 Words   |  7 Pageslarge shopping complexes, cinemas, large retail stores, and large compound style housing estates or gated communities. These require constant surveillance for the safety of shoppers and residents. In fact, adequate security has become one of those value-added extras that attract customers and residents. Technological advances, such as high-tech video surveillance cameras, computers, mobile phones, and satellites have increased the need an increase of security personnel for monitoring, investigating,Read MoreFederal Data Protection Laws On The United States1431 Words   |  6 Pagesentities to access, collect, and share the private information of individuals, privacy concerns have become increasingly relevant† (p. 366). Technology has revolutionized how we conduct business and communicate to each other. Unfortunately, this technological revolution also generated more opportunities for criminals to get creative with their criminal endeavors. Private sector executives are encouraged to share information with the federal government in order to increase security awareness. The AmericanRead MoreThe Case of the Omniscient Organization1207 Words   |  5 Pagesproductivity tests. The massive amount of information collected on each employee is supposed to allow DS to objectively manage personnel and make job assignments that provide the greatest efficiency. Instead, DS has created an impersonal monitoring, surveillance, and detection system designed to lay traps for employees and shape their behavior without any managerial effort. Problem Statement Has DS become so consumed with its â€Å"radical restructuring of the work environment† that it has prioritized technology

Elements of Religion in the Renaissance Portrayed in...

Elements of Religion in the Renaissance Portrayed in Hamlet by William Shakespeare Literature of the Renaissance was far different from that of the previous eras. Man was now thought of as the center of life, as opposed to God being the center in earlier times. Also, man was thought to have free will over his life, not being simply a pawn of the Gods. These new ideals were presented in the theaters as well as written literature. The esteemed William Shakespeare incorporated many of these components into some of the greatest performed classics in the history of theater. Shakespeare’s Hamlet contains elements that are derived from the Renaissance way of†¦show more content†¦. .† Here human responsibility is obvious, defining the moral theory of the Renaissance. Act II Scene II contains a speech by Hamlet to Rosencrantz and Guidenstern that outlines the way man was viewed in Renaissance thinking. â€Å"What a piece of work is man! How noble in reason, how infinite in faculty, in form and moving how express and admirable, in action how l ike an angel, in apprehension how like a god- the beauty of the world, the paragon of animals!† Even though Hamlet goes on to say that â€Å"man delights not me†, the speech still shows the Renaissance view on life. This ideal was evident in the work of earlier Renaissance writers such as Pico della Mirandola. In Pico’s Oration on the Dignity of Man, the â€Å"great miracle† of humanity was discussed. â€Å"There is nothing to be seen more wonderful than man. . .man is the intermediary between creatures, the intimate of the gods, the king of the lower beings, by the acuteness of his senses, by the discernment of his reason, and by the light of his intelligence. . .† Also in Act II Scene II, the loveletter of Hamlet to Ophelia is being discussed by Claudius, Gertrude, and Polonious. Although thought of as a ploy by Hamlet to make everyone think he is mad, the first few lines may have some distinctive significance:Show MoreRelatedThe Renaissance and I t’s Affect on William Shakespeare’s Works2369 Words   |  10 Pagesto see William Shakespeare as an amazing literary genius who had a perspective on life that, to simply put it, no one else has ever had. However Shakespeare was the product of the English Renaissance. The English Renaissance was a cultural and artistic movement spanning from the later 15th century until the early 17th century, it is associated with the Italian Renaissance which started in the 14th century. Like most of northern Europe, England did not get the full effect of the Renaissance until aboutRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare: Greatest Playwright of All1554 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare: Greatest Playwright of All William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was a British poet and playwright, he was well known as the greatest writer of all time, he was often called the Bard of Avon.Although many facts of his life remain unknown, his poems and plays are unique and have timeless theme that touch everyone’s heart, and are still widely studied and performed in today’s society. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, England enjoyed a time of prosperity and stability that ledRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare: Greatest Playwright of All1568 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare: Greatest Playwright of All William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was a British poet and playwright, he was well known as the greatest writer of all time, he was often called the Bard of Avon.Although many facts of his life remain unknown, his poems and plays are unique and have timeless theme that touch everyone’s heart, and are still widely studied and performed in today’s society. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, England enjoyed a time of prosperity and stability that ledRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesAssessment 106 Time Management Assessment 107 Type A Personality Inventory 108 Social Readjustment Rating Scale 109 Sources of Personal Stress 111 SKILL LEARNING 112 Improving the Management of Stress and Time 112 The Role of Management 113 Major Elements of Stress 113 Reactions to Stress 114 Coping with Stress 115 Managing Stress 117 Stressors 117 Eliminating Stressors 120 Eliminating Time Stressors Through Time Management 121 Eliminating Encounter Stressors Through Collaboration and Emotional Intelligence

A Brief on Saakshar Bharat free essay sample

The programme aims to further promote and strengthen Adult Education, specially of women, by extending educational options to those adults who having lost the opportunity of access to formal education and crossed the standard age for receiving such education, now feel a need for learning of any type, including, literacy, basic education (equivalency to formal education), vocational education (skill development), physical and emotional development, practical arts, applied science, sports, and recreation. Programme Framework of Saakshar Bharat The programme framework as provided in Saakshar Bharat document is as under: Objectives:The Mission has four broad objectives, namely, Impart functional literacy and numeracy to non-literate and non-numerate adults, Enable the neo-literate adults to continue their learning beyond basic literacy and acquire equivalency to formal educational system, Impart non and neo-literates relevant skill development programmes to improve their earning and living conditions, Promote a learning society by providing opportunities to neo-literate adults for continuing education. Targets and Special Focus Areas:The Government has set a National Goal of achieving by 2012, 80 percent literacy rate and reducing gender gap in literacy to 10 percent In addition, minimising regional, social and gender disparities with Special Focus on Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Minorities, disadvantaged groups, adolescents and low literacy States and tribal areas is the other national target. This target has to be achieved through formal schooling of 6-14 year old children and literacy programme of adults. In order to achieve 80% literacy, the principal target of the Mission is to impart functional literacy to 70 million adults in the age group of 15 years and beyond, to reduce gender disparity, 60 million of 70 million will be women. To reduce social disparities, within the overall target, 14 million will be Scheduled Castes (10 million women + 4 million men), 8 million Scheduled Tribes (6 million women + 2 million men) and 12 million minorities (10 million women + 2 million men). An auxiliary target of the Mission is to cover 1.5 million adults under basic education programme and equal number under vocational (skill development) programme. To minimise regional disparities, all districts that had adult female literacy rate of 50% or less as per 2001 Census are being covered under the programme. In addition, Left Wing Extremism Affected districts irrespective of their literacy rate are also eligible under the programme. As 84% of illiterate population lives in the rural areas, the prog ramme is being implemented only in the rural areas of the eligible districts. Whereas, in the urban areas, the demand for residual literacy will be met by innovatively using new actors like Jan Shikshan Sansthans, State Resource Centers, NGOs, social groups and any other institution through Public Private Partnership (PPP) or any other mode. Strategy: Saakshar Bharat will cover all adults in the age group of 15 and beyond though its primary focus will be on women. Basic Literacy, Post literacy and Continuing Education programmes, form a continuum, rather than sequential segments. For the volunteer based mass campaign approach, provision has been made for alternative approaches to adult education. Adult Education Centres (AECs), are to be set up to coordinate and manage all programmes, within their territorial jurisdiction. State Government and Panchyati Raj institutions along with communities would be valued stakeholders. Vigorous monitoring and evaluation systems are to be installed. Last, but not the least, budgetary support has been enhanced substantially. Teaching–Learning Programmes: To respond to the demand for literacy and address the diverse needs of the non and neo-literate adults, an assortment of teaching learning programmes, including Functional Literacy Programme, Basic Education Programme, Vocational Education and Continuing Education Programme are being offered as an integrated continuum. Functional Literacy Programme Programme Objectives:Literacy Programme (LP) aims at achieving the first objective of the scheme, that is, two Impart functional literacy to non-literate adults. Functional literacy, in context of the programme, implies achieving self-reliance in Reading, Writing, Arithmetic (Numeracy) and becoming aware of the causes of one’s deprivation and moving towards amelioration of their condition through organization and participation in the process of development; Acquiring skills to improve the economic status and general well being; Creating an aware and responsible citizenry (Imbibing values of national integration, communal harmony, conservation of the environment, women’s equality, and reproductive behavior etc. ). Literacy Programme Framework:The programme entails identification of non-literates through a survey, area wise mapping of their learning needs and imparting them instructor based teaching of about 300 hours spread over 3 months or beyond, depending on motivation of the learner and local conditions. Successful completion of the 300 hours of instructional learning would enable the learner to read and comprehend unknown text (news paper headings, road signs etc); apply skills of writing in day to day activities like writing applications and letters and filling up of application forms, etc., and compute simple problems involving multiplication and division. A certificate will be issued to every successful learner based on a professional evaluation of learning outcome. This will open up opportunities for further education through Open Learning Systems. Classes are convened at such time and venue as would be suitable to the learners. Volunteer-based Mass Campaign Approach: Under this appro ach, volunteer teaching takes place on a mass scale. A volunteer acts as a mobiliser, trainer and teacher and is responsible for imparting literacy, on an average, to 8-10 learners. The implementing agency at the operational level, will be responsible for identification of the potential learners as well as volunteers, their batching and matching, making arrangements for their training, distribution of literacy kits to learners and volunteers, keeping track of the progress made by each learner-volunteer group, ensuring that the momentum of learning is not lost, while simultaneously ensuring that learning takes place at the pace suitable to the learner. Incentives to the Volunteers and Learners Voluntary Literacy Educators are not paid any remuneration. Since highmotivational level of Voluntary Literacy Educators is critical, they need to be motivated through different means including public recognition, at different levels, of their contribution besides other incentives and rewards. Although budgetary provision has not been made for paying honorarium to Literacy Educators but, State Government, Gram Panchayat or NLMA through any other funding source, including do nations or public private partnership, may consider paying the same to them. Flexi Approach:Though Mass Campaign Approach continues to be the dominant strategy, the scheme discounts a homogenous approach uniformly throughout the country. To ensure that basic literacy is provided through a variety of context specific and group specific approaches. Implementing agencies may adopt any approach/model or a mix of approaches/models, including the illustrative formats outlined below: Centre-based Approach: a. Resident Instructor: In the eventuality of qualified Volunteers not being a resident within a particular village, instructors may be engaged from outside the village or community to live with the community and provide instructional teaching to the learners and assist them in completing basic literacy course. On an average, one Resident Instructor will be required to teach at least 30 learners in a period of one year. The Resident Instructor will be provided an honorarium as per NLMA norms. In this approach the centre will function for about 7-8 hours every day, and individual/groups of learners will attend classes for a couple of hours or more depending on the free time available to them. The instructors will be especially chosen for their sensitivity to issues of gender and caste equality, and their commitment to Constitutional values of democracy and secularism.b. Residential Camps: The residential camps are organized, specially for adolescents and young adults in the age group of 15-25 years, who might have already completed primary education (Standard IV/V) but later relapsed to illiteracy for want of follow up; and those who dropped out of the school system, and are now too old to rejoin school and those altogether excluded from systematic education. Identified young adults and adol escents are being motivated to participate in residential camps, which are organized at a suitable location in the Blocks. c. Part-residential Camp – Part-volunteer-based Approach: Provision has been made in the scheme to cover group-specific learners, such as non-literate members of self-help groups, women’s groups, or members of gram panchayats, or persons who may have joined together in a common cause. There are many such groups in the country today and many of them also function as a forum for credit and savings. It would provide for basic literacy in camps conducted for a suitable period, keeping in view the convenience of the beneficiaries, interspersed with guided learning in volunteer mode. These camps would enable learners to acquire literacy skills of pre-determined levels, simultaneously, providing opportunity for discussion and debate on issues relevant to their living and working conditions. Basic Education Programme Framework: This programme is designed to achieve the second objective of the scheme, namely, â€Å"Enable the neo-literates to continue their learning beyond basic literacy and acquire equivalency to formal educational system†. Arrangements have been made to enable young adults to continue their learning till they are able to achieve equivalence levels with Grade III, IV, V, VI, VII and VIII and beyond in the formal school system or through the Open Learning System. The Open Basic Education (OBE) programme initiated by the National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) and other State Open Schools have been taken as the starting point. INITIATIVES AND ACHIEVEMENTS (upto March, 2012) Although Saakshar Bharat Programme was launched on 8th September, 2009 but, the programme became operative from 1st October, 2009. The programme initially faced several challenges. It got revived after long hiatus and was as good as a new one. There was no formal implementation structure in the States. It heavily depended on spirit of Voluntarism. The programme envisaged for the first time involvement of Panchayati Raj Institutions at Gram Panchayat, Block and District levels as the implementing agencies. Lot of preparations like environment building, formation of Management Committees at different levels, opening of Bank Accounts of each  implementing agency, authorisation of funds under the ICT based Fund Flow Mechanism, Training/Orientation of Resource Persons and functionaries and Representatives of Panchayati Raj Institutions, Preparation and Distribution of Teaching Learning Materials were required to be done to streamline the functioning of the programme. The following initiatives were taken during the last two and a half years of the functioning of the Saakshar Bharat Programme: Environment Building, M otivation and Mobilisation For environment building and mobilisation, an effective communication strategy was required for creating sustainable demand for literacy, making visible the importance and relevance of literacy and making literacy campaign participatory and voluntary. A strategic communication group was formed under the Chairpersonship of Dr. D. Purandeswari, Minister of State, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India. The group approved a comprehensive communication strategy for mobilisation and environment building which entailed a multi media approach.